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• [The author of the passage implies that an oil painting - Tự Học 365]

  Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.

  During the late Middle Ages, oil paint took hold as the artistic medium of choice because it was effective, flexible, and resilient relative to the wax-based, watercolor, fresco, or tempera paints prevalent at the time. Although contemporary commercially prepared paints contain a mixture of pigments and linseed oil, poppy oil paints are also available to connoisseurs. The original recipes developed in medieval European monasteries relies on fast-drying bases derived from various organic oils predominantly valued for their medicinal qualities. The pigments are insoluble, lightproof, and chemically inert powders ground in the base. Occasionally, varnish can be added to increase the paste’s ability to reflect light and to cover pictures with a protective seal. The resulting stiff, resinous compounds are often packaged in flexible metal or plastic tubes. Historically, yellow pigments have been added to the oil, and then the paste was layered over tin foil to imitate the appearance of gold leaf.

  Despite the numerous experiments to accelerate the drying process, oil paints dry comparatively slowly with little color alteration. An important advantage of color stability is that tones and undertones are easy to blend, match, transpose, and grade, and mistakes and smudges are simple to correct. Due to the creamy consistency of most mixtures, artists can exploit their viscosity in thick applications, sprays, thin trickles, and three-dimensional blobs. The purification by boiling and filtering and bleaching of oils can impart varied hues to powdered pigments, while drying time can be reduced by adding metallic oxides. Professional painters who mix their own medium usually have their own trademark methods of mixing materials that art experts recognize as a part of an artist’s creative work.

  The thickness of the paste also plays an important role in defining the stages of painting a picture. After the basic design is sketched in pencil or charcoal, the broad background or foreground areas of the canvas are covered with thin, diluted paint on top of the primer. A thicker paint, often with added varnish, is subsequently used to refine and outline the foundation. The width of the brush depends on the type of paint the artist chooses to use, and stiff bristles are usually found in narrow brushes for making sharp lines, while softer brushes of animal hair can be employed in broad strokes.

  The author of the passage implies that an oil painting

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• [The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to - Tự Học 365] The word "they" in the last paragraph refers to ______.

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• [According to paragraph 2 what causes increases in bacteria l - Tự Học 365]

  Read the following passage and mark the letter (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each for the questions.

  Ensuring the reliability and purity of the water supply is one of the more significant challenges facing an ever growing world population. Unfortunately, only about 3% of the world’s total water supply is fresh; the rest is sea water and is unusable for most of our purposes. Furthermore, of that 3%, three fourths are largely inaccessible because it exits as frozen ice locked in the polar ice caps or as glacier high in mountains. The remaining percentage of fresh water that is available for human use exits in two forms: surface water and ground water.

  Surface water is found in rivers, lakes, and man-made reservoirs fed by either rainfall or snowmelt. Surface water makes up nearly 80% of all the water utilized by human, primarily due to its accessibility. Nearly every river or lake in the world contains one or more pumping stations to divert a portion of its flow to nearby population centers. However, surface water supplies present several disadvantage. First, surface water is easily polluted. Chemical pollution from the air enters surface water in the form of rain, and ground pollution is either dumped directly into lakes and rivers o washed into them by rainwater. In addition, biological pollution, caused by the dumping of raw sewage into a water source, can lead to dangerous levels of bacteria. A vast percentage of rivers and lakes have become so chemically and biologically polluted that the use of their water in untreated form is classifies as hazarduos to human. Another problem in relying on surface water is that its supply is highly variable. Water levels in lakes and rivers can fall drastically in periods of severe drought. In places that are prone to extended dry periods, such as Australia or much of California, some rivers are even known to occasionally run dry due to a combination of drought and overuse.

  The other primary source of fresh water is ground water. Although ground water is estimated to be as much as 50 times more abundant than surface water, it constitutes only 20% of all the fresh water used by humans, and much of this usage occurs in rural areas. This is a reflection of the relative difficulty in obtaining ground water. Ground water exits in underground deposits known as aquifers, layers of porous rock in the Earth. As rain water sinks into the ground it eventually reaches the aquifer where it is absorbed, much as a kitchen sponge absorbs water.

  To obtain ground water, a well must be drilled down to the level of the aquifer, and then the water must be pumped to the surface. Aquifer occur at different depths in different areas, and the deeper the aquifer, the more difficult and more expensive it is to extract its water. Furthermore, if water is taken from an aquifer at a higher rate than it is recharged naturally, its level will drop, necessitating ever deeper wells. This also creates problems with ground stability. As water is drained out of an aquifer, the ground naturally tends to sink and compress, leading to greater risk of subsidence and landslides. Since aquifers are fed through a slow acting system of drained, they have much slower recharge rates than surface water resources and easily overtaxed. Therefore, ground water is generally only used when surface water is unavailable, even though ground water is far more abundant.

  Like surface water, ground water can also become polluted, although not as easily. The soil that water sinks through before reaching the aquifer acts as a natural filter, leaching out some of the pollutants. Furthermore, the lack of oxygen in the aquifer generally restricts the growth of bacteria, so most ground water can be utilized safely without treatment. However, pollution can enter an aquifer when pollution sources are buried underground, such as they are in landfills. In other areas, the presence of heavy metals, nearly all of which are high toxic in the human body, may render ground water undrinkable.

  According to paragraph 2, what causes increases in bacteria levels in surface water?

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• [(46) impaid unpaid without pay without pay - Tự Học 365]

  Read the passages and the questions or unfinished sentences. Then choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that you think fits best.

  CHILD LABOUR

  Child workers, some as young as 10, have been found working in a textile (45)………….in conditions described as close to slavery to produce clothes that appear destined for one of the major high street retailers

  Speaking to a British newspaper, the children described long hours of (46)…….work and threats and beatings. The company said it was unaware that clothing intended for its (47)…………had been improperly outsourced to a (48)………..that used child labour. It further announced it had withdrawn the garments involved until it had investigated the alleged breaches of the (49)………..code it imposed on manufacturers three years ago.

  The discovery of these children working in appalling conditions in the Shahpur Jat area of Delhi has renewed concerns about the outsourcing by some large retail chains of their (50)………..production to India, recognised by the United Nations as one of the world’s hotspots for child labour. According to one (51)…….., over 20 per cent of India’s economy is (52)………..on children, which comes to a total of 55 million youngsters under 14 working.

  (53)…………in the West should not only be demanding answers from retailers about how their (54)……..are produced but also should be looking into their consciences at how they spend their money and whether cheap prices in the West are worth the suffering caused to so many children.

  (46)

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• [“It’s hard to get around because you don’t have a car ” “Not - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  “It’s hard to get around because you don’t have a car. ” “Not since I got used to .......the bus.”

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• [Society will be having to change radically to keep pace with - Tự Học 365]

  Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to show the underlined part that needs correction.

  Society will be having to change radically to keep pace with the technology available.

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• [My niece claims to be a(n) vegetarian - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  My niece claims to be a(n) ............................ vegetarian.

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• [contestant satellite similar interview - Tự Học 365]

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• [Cities are investingin public transport including the subway - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  Cities are investing ______ in public transport, including the subway system, in a bird to cut pollution.

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• [ragged judged dragged cleaned - Tự Học 365]

  Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

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• [Pat: “Did the kids give a hand with the housework?” Jane: - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  Pat: “Did the kids give a hand with the housework?”
  Jane: “...............................”

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• [However much he tries to persuade you please do not give - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  However much he tries to persuade you, please do not give ………..

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• [Do you think you that report by the end of the weekend? - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  Do you think you ................. that report by the end of the weekend?

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• [How do you account for the manager's fiery yesterday afterno - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  How do you account for the manager's fiery .................... yesterday afternoon?

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• [Julia: "" Carol: "No that's Helen's" - Tự Học 365]

  From the four words or phrases (A, B, C or D) choose the one that best completes the sentence.

  Julia: "..........................."
  Carol: "No, that's Helen's"

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