Writing is arguably the most important invention in human hi
Câu hỏi
Nhận biếtRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.Writing is arguably the most important invention in human history. The opportunity for human knowledge to build on other knowledge is severely limited without the medium of writing. Not only does writing allow a permanence to human thought but also a complexity and scope to human expression that seem barely possible without it.The earliest known artifacts that could be considered writing by the loosest definition are the famous and extraordinarily beautiful 20,000-year-old "cave paintings" in southern France and northern Spain. The pictures, mostly of animals but with some human figures, possibly tell some sort of story or may merely be pictures with expressive, magical, or religious purpose. Other assorted pictures have been found antedating the rise of the great civilizations of the Near East, but the earliest artifacts that are clearly writing date from about only 5,500 years ago inMesopotamia.The earliest system of writing is usually attributed to the Sumerians of Mesopotamia during the end of the fourth millennium b.c. There, officials of such Sumerian city-states as Uruk had developed a system of recording numerals, pictographs, and ideographs on specially prepared clay surfaces.Although the clay blanks used by the Uruk scribes are universally referred to as tablets, a word with the connotation of flatness, they are actually convex. Individual characters were inscribed in the clay by means of a stylus made of wood, bone, or ivory, with one end blunt and the other pointed. The characters were basically of two kinds. Numerical signs were impressed into the clay; all other signs, pictographs, and ideographs alike, were incised with the pointed end of the stylus. The repertory of characters used by the Uruk scribes was large; it is estimated at no fewer than 1,500 separate signs.
Câu 1: This passage mainly discusses......................
A. "cave paintings" as an expressive achievement
B. the Uruk culture in Mesopotamia
C. early writing systems
D. writing instruments of the Uruk scribes
Câu 2: According to the passage, the invention of writing was important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT...................................
A. it allowed for the development of human knowledge
B. it encouraged complexity of thinking
C. it began in Mesopotamia
D. it allowed human thought to be permanently recorded
Câu 3: The phrase "attributed to" is closest in meaning to........................
A. blamed on
B. characterized by
C. credited to
D. replaced by
Câu 4: The word "incised" in is closest in meaning to.........................
A. painted
B. cut
C. erased
D. embroidered
Câu 5: Which of the following terms does NOT refer to something on which early writing was inscribed?
A. Clay surfaces
B. Characters
C. Clay blanks
D. Tablets
Câu 6: According to the passage, how were pictographs recorded?
A. They were cut into the clay.
B. They were painted onto the surface.
C. They were pressed into the clay.
D. They were brushed onto the surface.
Câu 7: The word "repertory" in line 23 is closest in meaning to......................
A. arrangement
B. composition
C. understanding
D. number
Đáp án đúng:
Lời giải của Tự Học 365
Đáp án câu1 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Đoạn văn này chủ yếu nói về
A. những bức hoạ trong hang như một thành tựu biểu hiện
B. văn hoá Uruk ở Mesopotamia
C. hệ thống chữ viết sớm
D. dụng cụ viết chữ ở những người chuyên chép sách ở Uruk
Đáp án: C
Đáp án câu2 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Theo như đoạn văn, phát minh chữ viết rất quan trọng bởi các lí do ngoại trừ:
A. Nó cho phép phát triển tri thức con người
B. Nó ủng hộ sự suy nghĩ phức tạp
C. Nó bắt đầu ở Mesopotamia
D. Nó cho phép suy nghĩ của con người được ghi lại lâu dài
Dẫn chứng: Writing is arguably the most important invention in human history. The opportunity for human knowledge to build on other knowledge is severely limited without the medium of writing. Not only does writing allow a permanence to human thought but also a complexity and scope to human expression that seem barely possible without it.
Đáp án: C
Đáp án câu3 là: BGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Cụm từ “attributed to” gần nghĩa nhất với
attributed to: được phân loại bởi, biểu thị bởi
blamed on: bị đổ tội
characterized by: được phân loại bởi
credited to: chịu trách nhiệm với
replaced by: được thay thế bởi
=> attributed to = characterized by
Đáp án: B
Đáp án câu4 là: BGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Từ “incised” gần nghĩa nhất với
incise (v): khắc chạm
paint (v): tô, vẽ
cut (v): cắt
erase (v): xóa
embroider (v): thêu dệt
=> incise = cut
Đáp án: B
Đáp án câu5 là: BGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Khái niệm nào sau đây không nói đến cái mà chữ viết sớm được khắc lên?
A. bề mặt đất sét
B. chữ
C. khoảng trống đất sét
d. viên nén
Dẫn chứng: Although the clay blanks used by the Uruk scribes are universally referred to as tablets, a word with the connotation of flatness, they are actually convex. Individual characters were inscribed in the clay by means of a stylus made of wood, bone, or ivory, with one end blunt and the other pointed. The characters were basically of two kinds. Numerical signs were impressed into the clay; all other signs, pictographs, and ideographs alike, were incised with the pointed end of the stylus. The repertory of characters used by the Uruk scribes was large; it is estimated at no fewer than 1,500 separate signs.
Đáp án: B
Đáp án câu6 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Theo như đoạn văn thì lối chữ vẽ hình được ghi lại như thế nào?
A. Chúng được khắc trên đất sét
B. Chúng được vẽ lên bề mặt
C. Chúng được đóng dấu trên đất sét
D. Chúng được chải sướt qua bề mặt
Dẫn chứng: all other signs, pictographs, and ideographs alike, were incised with the pointed end of the stylus.
Đáp án: C
Đáp án câu7 là: BGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Từ “repetory” ở dòng 23 gần nghĩa nhất với
repertory (n): kho (tài liệu)
arrangement (n): sự sắp xếp
composition (n): sự hợp thành, bản soạn thảo
understanding (n): hiểu biết
number (n): con số
=> repertory = composition
Đáp án: B
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