Esperanto is what is called a planned or artificial language

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the answer to each of the questions .Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the misunderstandings among cultures.In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as possible. This first language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain.Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his language sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously. One example of how he simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which means “friend”, and all adjectives end in -a, as in the adjective bela, which means “pretty”. Another example of the simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means “ugly” in Zamenhof’s language.In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a pen name, Dr. Esperanto, when signing the book. He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language. Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1950, Esperanto had spread from Europe toAmerica andAsia.In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place inFrance, with approximately700 attendees from 20 different countries. Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation.Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it. This may seem like a large number, but it is really quite small when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s world. Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen. 

Câu 1: The topic of this passage is __________ .

A. one man’s efforts to create a universal language

B. how language can be improve

C. using language to communicate internationally

D. a language developed in the last few years

Câu 2: According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language _______ .

A. to build a name for himself 

B. to provide a more complex language

C. to resolve cultural differences

D. to create one world culture

Câu 3: It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means ______ .

A. hopeless

B. hope

C. hopelessness

D. hopeful

Câu 4: The expression “popping up” in line 17 could best be replaced by _______ .

A. shouting 

B. opening

C. hiding

D. leaping

Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place __________ .

A. in 1905  

B. in 1909

C. in 1907

D. in 1913

Câu 6: According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World Esperanto Congress?

A. It had attendees from20 countries

B. It never took place

C. It had 4,000 attendees

D. It was scheduled for 1915

Câu 7: The expression “ups and downs” in line 23 is closest in meaning to ______ .

A. tops and bottoms 

B. floors and ceilings

C. takeoffs and landings

D. highs and lows

Câu 8: Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto?

A. The first paragraph

B. The second paragraph

C. The third paragraph 

D. The fourth paragraph

Câu 9: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on _________ .

A.  European history

B. English grammar 

C. world government 

D. applied linguistics

Câu 10: The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _________ .
 

A. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth

B. another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments

C. the disadvantages of using an artificial language

D. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s

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