Bài đọc và đáp án chi tiết từng câu tiếng anh
Câu hỏi
Nhận biếtRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10.
A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act. In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll. As anyone who watches the news during campaigns presidential knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States.
North Americans arc familiar with the many “person on the street” interviews
on local television news shows. While such interviews can be highly entertaining,
they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location. Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the news-people select. Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air. while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.
In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions. An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it. It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results. Even questions that arc less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired. Surveys can be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and the questions are worded accurately.
There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the questionnaire. Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages. An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons. However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent.
Notes
- biased (tính từ) =có thành kiến, thiên vị
- on the air = đang phát trín truyền hình.
- intimidate (động tử) = đe doạ, doạ dẫm; elicit (động từ) - khám phá, tìm ra
- sampling (danh từ) = sự lấy mẫu
- indispensable (tính từ) = tuyệt đối cần thiết, không thể thiếu được.
- word (động từ) = bày tỏ, diễn dạt bằng lời lẽ riêng.
- consistent (tính từ) - trước sau như một, nhất quán.
- frustrated (tính từ) = nản lòng, nản chí
0Câu 1
What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.
B.The history of surveys in North America.
C. The importance of polls in American political life.
D.
Câu 2
The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____
A. North Americans
B.opinions
C.
D.
interviews
Câu 3
According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that they
A.
are not based on a representative sampling
B.
are not carefully worded
C. are used only on television
D. reflect political opinions
Câu 4
Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?
A. Representative sampling
B.Survey
C. Public opinion
D. Response rate
Câu 5
According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for an effective survey?
A.
An interviewer's ability to measure respondents’ feelings.
B.A sociologist who is able to interpret the results.
C.
A high number of respondents.
D. Carefully worded questions.
Câu 6
The word “exercise” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. design
B.consider
C. defend
D. utilize
Câu 7
The word “elicit" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____
A. predict
B.compose
C. rule out
D. bring out
Câu 8
It can be inferred from the passage that one reason that sociologists may become frustrated with questionnaires is that _______.
A. questionnaires are expensive and difficult to distribute
B.questionnaires are often difficult to read
C. respondents are too eager to supplement questions with their own opinions
D.
Đáp án đúng:
Lời giải của Tự Học 365
Đáp án Câu 1 : D
Đáp án D. Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận: “The principles of conducting surveys” = Các nguyên lí tiến hành các cuộc thăm dò.
Đáp án Câu 2 : D
Đáp án B: đại từ “they” đề cập đến interviews (các cuộc phỏng vấn).
Đáp án Câu 3 : A
Đáp án C. Yếu điểm chính của các cuộc phỏng vấn trên đường phố là: "are not based on a representative sampling" = không dựa trên sự lấy mẫu mang tính biểu trưng. Đoạn văn có nêu: “they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion” = các cuộc phòng vấn không nhất thiêt là sự biểu thị chính xác về quan diem quần chúng.
Đáp án Câu 4 : B
Đáp án C. Từ “survey” dược định nghĩa ở đầu đoạn văn.
Đáp án Câu 5 : D
Đáp án C. Yếu tố quan trọng nhất cho một cuộc khảo sát có hiệu quả là:‘‘Carefully worded questions’' = các câu hỏi được chọn từ ngữ cẩn thận.
Trong bài có nêu: “An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it ”.
Đáp án B: exercise = utilize (sử dụng, dùng đến).
Đáp án Câu 7 : D
Đáp án C: elicit = bring out (gây ra).
Đáp án Câu 8 : D
Đáp án C. có thể suy ra từ đoạn văn là một lí do khiến cho các nhà xã hội học có thể nàn chí với cách dùng bàng câu hỏi khảo sát vì một số người tham gia sẽ: “throw away a written questionnaire ” (vứt bỏ bằng câu hỏi viết sẵn).
Đáp án Câu 9 : B
Đáp án C. Một ưu điểm của cách phỏng vấn trực tiếp so với bảng câu hỏi khảo sát là đem đến nhiều thông tin hom. Trong bài có nêu: “obtain a high response rate " = nhận dược mức độ trà lời cao.
Đáp án Câu 10 : C
Đáp án C: probe = explore (thăm dò, tìm ra, khám phá).
Luyện tập
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