Although the “lie detectors” are being used by govern
Câu hỏi
Nhận biếtRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Although the “lie detectors” are being used by governments, police departments, and businesses that all want guaranteed ways of detecting the truth, the results are not always accurate. Lie detectors are properly called emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure bodily changes that contradict what a person says. The polygraph machine records changes in heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the skin (galvanic skin response, or GSR). In the first part of the polygraph test, you are electronically connected to the machine and asked a few neutral questions (“What is your name?”, “Where do you live?”). Your physical reactions serve as the standard (baseline) for evaluating what comes next. Then you are asked a few critical questions among the neutral ones (“When did you rob the bank?”). The assumption is that if you are guilty, your body will reveal the truth, even if you try to deny it. Your heart rate, respiration, and GSR will change abruptly as you respond to the incriminating questions. That is the theory; but psychologists have found that lie detectors are simply not reliable. Since most physical changes are the same across all emotions, machines cannot tell whether you are feeling guilty, angry, nervous, thrilled, or revved up form an exciting day. Innocent people may be tense and nervous about the whole procedure. They may react physiologically to a certain word (“bank”) not because they robbed it, but because they recently bounced a check. In either case the machine will record a “lie”. The reverse mistake is also common. Some practiced liars can lie without flinching, and others learn to beat the machine by tensing muscles or thinking about an exciting experience during neutral questions.
Câu 1: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Lie detectors distinguish different emotions
B. Physical reaction reveal guilty
C. Lie detectors make innocent people nervous
D. How lie detectors are used and their reliability
Câu 2: According to the test, polygraph ________.
A. measure a person’s thoughts
B. always reveal the truth about a person
C. make guilty people angry
D. record a person’s physical reactions
Câu 3: According to the passage, what kind of questions is asked on the first part of the polygraph test?
A. incriminating
B. critical
C. emotional
D. unimportant
Câu 4: The word “ones” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. questions
B. reactions
C. standards
D. evaluations
Câu 5: The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ______.
A. the question
B. your body
C. the assumption
D. the truth
Câu 6: The word “assumption” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced with _____.
A. belief
B. faith
C. statement
D. imagining
Câu 7: This passage was probably written by a specialist in _____.
A. sociology
B. anthropology
C. criminal psychology
D. mind reading
Đáp án đúng:
Lời giải của Tự Học 365
Đáp án câu 1 là: DGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Ý chính của đoạn văn này là gì?
A. Máy phát hiện nói dối phân biệt các cảm xúc khác nhau
B. Các phản ứng vật lí tiết lộ phạm tội
C. Máy phát hiện nói dối làm những người vô tội trở nên căng thẳng
D. Cách mà máy phát hiện nói dối được dùng và độ tin cậy của chúng
Đáp án: D
Đáp án câu 2 là: DGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Theo như cuộc kiểm tra, những cuộc kiểm tra nói dối:
A. đo những suy nghĩ của con người
B. luôn tiết lộ sự thật về con người
C. khiến những người phạm tội tức giận
D. ghi lại những phản ứng vật lí của một người
Dẫn chứng: The polygraph machine records changes in heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the skin (galvanic skin response, or GSR).
Đáp án: D
Đáp án câu 3 là: DGiải chi tiết:
Theo như đoạn văn, kiểu câu hỏi nào đc hỏi ở phần đầu cuộc kiểm tra nói dối?
A. buộc tội
B. chỉ trích
C. đầy cảm xúc
D. không quan trọng
Dẫn chứng: In the first part of the polygraph test, you are electronically connected to the machine and asked a few neutral questions (“What is your name?”, “Where do you live?”).
Đáp án: D
Đáp án câu 4 là: AGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Từ “ones” trong đoạn 1 là ám chỉ tới:
A. những câu hỏi
B. những phản ứng
C. những tiêu chuẩn
D. những ước tính
Dẫn chứng: Then you are asked a few critical questions among the neutral ones (“When did you rob the bank?”).
Đáp án: A
Đáp án câu 5 là: DGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Từ “it” ở đoạn 1 ám chỉ tới
A. câu hỏi
B. cơ thể bạn
C. giả định
D. sự thật
Dẫn chứng: The assumption is that if you are guilty, your body will reveal the truth, even if you try to deny it.
Đáp án: D
Đáp án câu 6 là: AGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Từ “assumption” trong đoạn 1 có thể thay thế bằng từ nào?
A. niềm tin
B. đức tin
C. sự tuyên bố
D. tưởng tượng
Đáp án: A
Đáp án câu 7 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Đoạn văn này chắc hẳn được viết bởi một chuyên gia trong lĩnh vực:
A. xã hội học
B. nhân học
C. tâm lí tội phạm
D. đọc tâm trí
Đáp án: C
Luyện tập
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