A small but iỉrowing group of scholars evolutionary psycholo

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.A small but iỉrowing group of scholars, evolutionary psychologists, are beginning to sketch the contours of the human mind as designed by natural selection. Some of them even anticipate the coming of a field called “mismatch theory”, which would study maladies resulting from contrasts between the modern environment and the “ancestral environment” - the one we were designed for. There is no shortage of such maladies to study. Rates of depression have been doubling in some industrial countries roughly every 10 years. Suicide is the third most common cause of death amona young adults, after car wrecks and homicides.Evolutionary psychology is a long way from explaining all this with precision, but it is already shedding enough light to challenge some conventional wisdom. It suggests, for example, that the nostalgia for the nuclear family of the 1950s is in some way misguided - that the model family of husband at work and wife at home is hardly a “natural” and the healthful living arrangement, especially for the wives. Moreover, the bygone lifestyles that do look fairly natural in light of evolutionary psychology appear to have been eroded largely by commercialism. Perhaps the biggest surprise from evolutionary psychology is its depiction of the “animal” in us. Freud, and various thinkers since, saw “civilization” as an oppressive force that thwarts basic mimal instincts, then urges and transmutes them into psychopathology. However, evolutionary psychology suggests that a larger threat to mental health may be the way civilization thwarts civility. There is a gentler, kinder side of human nature, and it seems increasingly to be a victim of repression in modern society.Notes:-                      malady (n): a serious problem (một vấn đề nghiêm trọng).-                      homicide (n): hành động giết người.-                      nostalgia (n): nỗi luyến tiếc quá khứ, lòng hoài cổ.-                     evolutionary psychology (n): tâm lí học tiến hóa.-                      transmute (v): chuyển hóa, biến đổi bản chất.-                      thwart (v): càn trở.

Câu 1: Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?

A. How evolutionary psychology manages modern society.

B. The problems of illness caused by modern society.

C. The importance of ancestral environment.

D. Evolutionary psycholoíỉists’ views on the nuclear family.

Câu 2: The word “contours” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________ .

A. actions

B. limits

C. structures

D. outlines

Câu 3: According to the passage, the death of many young people in indusirial counưies is mainly caused by _________ .

A. murder

B. traffic accidents

C. suicide

D. depression

Câu 4: The word “one” in paragraph 1 refers to the _________ .

A. mismatch theory

B. field

C. modern environment  

D. ancestral environment

Câu 5: It can be inferred from the passage that evolutionary psychologists dislike nostalgia for the 1950s because ___________ .

A. it was an unhealthy time to live

B. the nuclear family provided an unsatisfactory lifestyle

C. women who wished to go out to work were misguided

D. family life was seen to be unnalural

Câu 6: The word “bygone” in paragraph 2 could be replaced by __________ .

A. overlooked

B. forgotten

C. past

D. original

Câu 7: According to the passage, Freud and other psycholoeists thought civilization ________ .

A. showed that people have animal instincts

B. greatly improved peopfe's lives

C. encouraged people to use the basic instincts

D. caused madness in some people

Câu 8: In this passage, the word "civility” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________ .

A. courtesy

B. politeness

C. morality

D.  formality

Câu 9: In the passage, evolutionary psychologists suggest that in modern society _______ .

A. victims are always punished 

B.  people’s better natures are denied

C. repressed people are kind and gentle

D. people suffer from repression

Câu 10: Where  in the passage does the author suggest a conflict between the ways of living?

A. The second sentence of paragraph 1.

B. The first two sentences of paragraph 2.

C. The fourth and fifth sentences of paragraph 2.

D. The last two sentences of paragraph 2.

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