A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding
Câu hỏi
Nhận biếtRead the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does. Appleyard observed this by finding three blocks of houses in San Francisco that looked much alike and had the same kind of middle-class and working-class residents, with approximately the same ethnic mix. The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard’s terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day. Franklin Street often had as many cars in an hour as Octavia had in a day.Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes and soot, directly, and trash secondarily. That is, the cars didn’t bring in much trash, but when trash accumulated, residents seldom picked it up. The cars, Appleyard determined, reduced the amount of territory residents felt responsible for. Noise was a constant intrusion into their homes. Many Franklin Street residents covered their doors and windows and spent most of their time in the rear of their houses. Most families with children had already left.Conditions on Octavia Street were much different. Residents picked up trash. They sat on their front steps and chatted with neighbors. They had three times as many friends and twice as many acquaintances as the people on Franklin.On Gough Street, residents said that the old feeling of community was disappearing as traffic increased. People were becoming more and more preoccupied with their own lives. A number of families had recently moved and more were considering. Those who were staying expressed deep regret at the destruction of their community.
Câu 1: The word astounding in line 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. startling
B. disappointing
C. dubious
D. alternative
Câu 2: The three streets mentioned in this passage are different in that .
A. they are in different cities.
B. the residents are of different ethnic backgrounds.
C. they have varying amounts of traffic.
D. the income levels of the residents vary considerably.
Câu 3: Approximately how many cars used Franklin Street daily?
A. 2,000
B. 8,000
C. 16,000
D. 20,000
Câu 4: All of the following are direct results of heavy traffic EXCEPT .
A. increased amount of trash
B. greater danger to residents
C. more pollution
D. more vibrations
Câu 5: The author’s main purpose in the second paragraph is to .
A. discuss the problem of trash disposal
B. point out the disadvantage of heavy traffic
C. propose an alternate system of transportation
D. suggest ways to cope with traffic problems
Câu 6: Which of the following is NOT a statement you would expect from a resident of Gough Street?
A. People on this street are unhappy because the neighborhood is deteriorating.
B. People on this street think mostly of themselves.
C. People on this street have more and more space for which they feel responsible.
D. A number of people are preparing to leave this street.
Câu 7: In what order does the author present detailed discussions of the three streets?
A. LIGHT, MEDIUM, HEAVY
B. HEAVY, MEDIUM, LIGHT
C. HEAVY, LIGHT, MEDIUM
D. LIGHT, HEAVY, MEDIUM
Câu 8: What is the writer’s attitude toward heavy traffic when he mentions the Appleyard’s study?
A. neutral
B. favorable
C. critical
D. doubtful
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Đáp án đúng:
Lời giải của Tự Học 365
Đáp án câu 1 là: AGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Từ "astounding" trong dòng 1 có nghĩa gần nhất với______
A. giật mình
B. thất vọng
C. không rõ ràng
D. thay thế
Astounding (a): ngạc nhiên, sững sờ
=> astounding= startling
Dẫn chứng: A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Đáp án: A
Đáp án câu 2 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Ba đường phố được đề cập trong đoạn này khác nhau về _____
A. chúng ở trong các thành phố khác nhau.
B. các cư dân có nguồn gốc dân tộc khác nhau.
C. chúng có khối lượng giao động khác nhau.
D. Mức thu nhập của người dân khác nhau đáng kể.
Dẫn chứng: The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard’s terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.
Đáp án: C
Đáp án câu 3 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Có bao nhiêu chiếc xe được sử dụng trên đường Franklin hàng ngày?
A. 2,000
B. 8,000
C. 16,000
D. 20,000
Dẫn chứng: The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard’s terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.
Đáp án: C
Đáp án câu 4 là: DGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Tất cả những điều dưới đây là kết quả trực tiếp của việc lượng tham gia giao thông lớn ngoại trừ.
A. tăng lượng rác
B. nguy cơ lớn hơn cho người dân
C. ô nhiễm nhiều hơn
D. nhiều sự rung lắc
Dẫn chứng: Heavy traffic brought with it danger, noise, fumes and soot, directly, and trash secondarily.
Đáp án: D
Đáp án câu 5 là: BGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Mục đích chính của tác giả ở đoạn thứ hai là_____
A. thảo luận về vấn đề xử lý rác thải
B. chỉ ra những bất lợi của giao thông đông đúc
C. đề xuất một hệ thống vận chuyển khác
D. đề xuất cách giải quyết vấn đề giao thông
Đáp án: B
Đáp án câu 6 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Câu nào sau đây KHÔNG phải là một nhận định đúng mà bạn nghĩ về một cư dân đường Gough?
A. Người trên đường này không vui vì khu phố đang xuống cấp.
B. Con người trên đường này nghĩ về bản thân họ.
C. Người trên đường này có nhiều không gian mà họ cảm thấy có trách nhiệm hơn.
D. Một số người đang chuẩn bị rời khỏi phố này.
Đáp án: C
Đáp án câu 7 là: AGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Tác giả trình bày chi tiết các cuộc thảo luận về ba con đường theo thứ tự nào?
A. NHẸ, TRUNG BÌNH, CAO
B. CAO, TRUNG BÌNH, NHẸ
C. CAO, NHẸ, TRUNG BÌNH
D. NHẸ, CAO, TRUNG BÌNH
Dẫn chứng: The difference was that only 2,000 cars a day ran down Octavia Street (LIGHT street, in Appleyard’s terminology) while Gough Street (MEDIUM street) was used by 8,000 cars daily, and Franklin Street (HEAVY street) had around 16,000 cars a day.
Đáp án: A
Đáp án câu 8 là: CGiải chi tiết:
Giải thích:
Quan điểm của nhà văn đối với lượng tham gia giao thông lớn khi ông đề cập đến nghiên cứu của Appleyard?
A. trung lập
B. ủng hộ
C. chỉ trích, phê bình
D. nghi ngờ
Dẫn chứng: A pioneering study by Donald Appleyard made the astounding discovery that a sudden increase in the volume of traffic through an area affects people in the way that a sudden increase in crime does.
Đáp án: C
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