Một số trường hợp đặc biệt trong danh động từ và động từ nguyên mẫu (Gerund To Infinitive or Bare Infinitive)

Danh động từ, động từ nguyên mẫu có to hay động từ nguyên mẫu không to (GERUND, TO INFINITIVE, OR BARE INFINITIVE)

Có một số động từ trong tiếng Anh có thể theo sau cả một danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên mẫu. Tuy nhiên, nghĩa của mỗi cấu trúc có thay đổi.

1. Với những động từ tri giác

see, hear, feel,... + O + bare inf. (chỉ sự hoàn tất của hành động)

+ V-ing (chỉ sự tiếp diễn của hành động)

Ví dụ:

Mary heard the boy cough. (Mary nghe thấy thằng bé ho.)

They saw the thief breaking into the house. (Họ thấy tên trộm đang đột nhập vào nhà.)

2. advise, recommend, allow, permit, encourage, require + object + to-infinitive / V-ing

Ví dụ:

They do not permit us to smoke here. (Họ không cho chúng tôi hút thuốc ở đây.)

They do not permit smoking here. (Họ không cho hút thuốc ở đây.]

forget / remember + to infinitive (chỉ hành động ở tương lai) /+ V-ing (chỉ hành động đã qua)

Ví dụ:

Remember to call Peter. (Nhớ gọi điện cho Peter đấy.)

I remember calling him yesterday. (Tôi nhớ là đã gọi cho anh ấy hôm qua.]

stop + to infinitive (ngừng việc này để làm việc khác) /+ V-ing (thôi không làm nữa)

Ví dụ:

He stopped to go home early. (Anh ấy nghỉ để về nhà sớm.)

He stopped working because he was tired. (Anh ấy nghỉ làm vì anh ấy mệt)

try + to infinitive (cố gắng - chỉ sự nỗ lực) /+ V-ing (thử - chỉ sự thử nghiệm)

Ví dụ:

He always tries to learn better. (Anh ấy luôn cố học giỏi hơn.]

Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip. (Sam thử mở cửa bằng cái kẹp giấy.)

regret + to infinitive (rất lấy làm tiếc khi làm gì - chưa làm) /+ V-ing (hối tiếc vì đã làm gì)

Ví dụ:

I regret to inform you that your application letter has been turned down.

(Tôi rất lấy làm tiếc để thông báo với bạn rằng đơn xin việc của bạn đã bị từ chối.)

I regret telling him the truth. (Tôi hối tiếc vì đã nói với anh ấy sự thật.]

mean + to infinitive (chỉ dự định hoặc ý định) /+ V-ing (chỉ sự liên quan hoặc kết quả)

Ví dụ:

I meant to go earlier. (Tôi đã định đi sớm hơn.)

This new order will mean working overtime.

(Mệnh lệnh mới này có nghĩa là phải làm thêm giờ.)

need + to infinitive (nghĩa chủ động) /+ V-ing (nghĩa bị động)

Ví dụ:

You need to do everything with care. (Bạn cần làm mọi việc thật cẩn thận.)

Everything needs doing (= to be done) with care. (Mọi việc cân được làm thật cẩn thận.)

go on + to infinitive (chỉ sự thay đổi của hành động) /+ V-ing (chỉ sự liên tục của hành động)

Ví dụ:

She stopped talking about that and went on to describe her other problems.

She went on talking about her illness until we all went to sleep.

(Cô ấy cứ nói mãi vè căn bệnh của mình cho đến khi chúng tôi đi ngủ.)

Begin, start, like, love, hate, continue... có thể được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu hoặc danh động từ, không có sự khác biệt về nghĩa.

Ví dụ:

I began to learn/learning English three years ago. (Tôi bắt đầu học tiếng Anh cách đây 3 năm)

They like dancing / to dance. (Họ thích khiêu vũ.)

Sau help + object có thể là một động từ nguyên mẫu có to hoặc không to. Ví dụ:

He helped us (to) repair the car. (Anh ấy giúp chúng tôi sửa xe ô tô.)

Bài tập áp dụng

Bài tập

Exercise 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. I'd rather (stay) home tonight.
2. He keeps (hope) and (pray) that things will get better.
3. I don't know why he avoids (meet) me.
4. The boy admitted (break) my ancient flower vase.
5. I promise (not tell) you a lie.
6. The students stopped (talk) when the teacher came in.
7. I'll try (not make) the same mistake again.
8. Would you mind (give) me a hand?
9. Have you ever watched people (try) (catch) fish?
10. Do you have any money (pay) for the book?
11. After (hear) the conditions, I decided (not enter) for the competition.
12. Imagine (have) (get) up at 4 a.m every day.
13. There were some people (row) on the river.
14. Your hair needs (cut) You'd better (have) it done tomorrow – unless you'd like me (have) a go at it for you.
15. The children prefer (watch) TV to (read)
16. She has something (tell) you.
17. It took me three days (find) out the old photograph.
18. Do you remember (read) about it? No, at that time I was too young (read) newspaper.
19. My brother is a stamp collector. He started (collect) stamps when he was 15 years old.
20. It's difficult (get) used to getting up early.

Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. I couldn't help at his jokes.
   1. laugh B. laughing C. to laugh D. laughed
2. Tom offered Jane a ticket to the theater, but she refused to take it.

3. Those workers stopped their coffee because they felt tired of their new work.
   1. drink B. drank C. drinking D. to drink
4. He asked them
   1. help him B. should help him C. to help him D. help to him
5. Mr Minh advised my family leaving Vietnam.
   1. to think B. not to think C. against D. against to
6. I hope that woman again.
   1. to see B. of seeing C. seeing D. have seen
7. She wasted much time her old pair of shoes.
   1. mend B. to mend C. mending D. to be mended
8. He regrets lazy last year. He lost his job.
   1. to be B. be C. been D. being
9. She remembered that woman last month.
   1. of seeing B. to see C. seeing D. have seen
10. David tried his best , but his girlfriend refused
    1. explaining; to listen B. explaining; listening

C. to explain; to listen D. to explain; listening

11. We heard a baby in a neighbouring village.
    1. cry B. to cry C. cried D. to crying
12. Willy denied a whole bag of chocolate chip cookies before lunch.
    1. eat B. to eat C. having eaten D. eaten
13. I was delighted my old friends again.
    1. to see B. seeing C. seen D. to be seen
14. We regret you that we cannot approve your suggestion.
    1. inform B. to inform C. informing D. informed
15. Have you ever considered a pharmacist?
    1. become B. becoming C. to become D. became
16. You had better at home until you feel better.
    1. staying B. stayed C. to stay DỆ stay
17. I remember my mother said the grass in the garden needed .
    1. to hear; cutting B. hear; cut C. heard; to cut D. hearing; cutting
18. My teacher doesn't allow us while he is explaining the lesson.
    1. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked
19. We have plenty of time. We needn't
    1. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried
20. I promised on time. I mustn't late.
    1. be; be B. to be; to be C. to be; be D. be; to be

Exercise 3: Tìm lỗi sai trong câu và sửa lại cho đúng

A B C D

2. They speak English well because they practise speak it everyday. A B C D
3. Lan was in a difficult situation, so I agreed lending her some money. A B C D
4. Don't forget attending our meeting next month on time. A B C D
5. I spent most of time in the train read my favorite book. A B C D
6. I heard him talked about you this morning. A B C D
7. I enjoy watching the sun to rise slowly in the morning. A B C D
8. Why should you to carry this box? It's too heavy for you. A B C D
9. She said the letter was personal and wouldn't let me to reach it. A B C D
10. It’s impossible for me being there before 8 p.m. A B C D
11. I saw a man to jump through the window 5 minutes ago, but I couldn't remember his face. A B C D
12. She suggested taking the plane this evening or go by train tomorrow. A B C D
13. Could you please stop to make so much noise? A B C D
14. It was very kind of you to showing me the way. A B C D
15. I'm glad hearing that you have made much progress in your study. A B C D

Đáp án

Exercise 1