Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past Perfect) là gì? Cách dùng công thức và bài tập có đáp án chi tiết

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành - the past perfect tense

Cách dùng

Diễn tả những hành động đã xảy ra và hoàn thành trước hành động khác trong quá khứ

Ví dụ:

When my grandfather retired last year, he had worked for that company for more than 40 years. (Khi ông tôi nghỉ hưu vào năm ngoái, ông đã làm việc cho công ty ấy được hơn 40 năm.)

Công thức

+. Câu khẳng định (+): S+ had + V(p2)

+ Câu phủ định (-): S+had + not + V(p2)

+ Câu nghi vấn (?): Had + S+V(p2) Ví dụ:

(+): He had gone out when I came into the house. (Anh ấy đã đi ra ngoài khi tôi vào nhà.)

(-): She hadn't come home when I got into the house. (Cô ấy vẫn chưa về nhà khi tôi vào nhà.)

(?): Had the film ended when you arrived at the cinema? (Bộ phim đã kết thúc khi bạn tới rạp chiếu phim

phải không?)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành

before (trước khi)

Mệnh đề có “before” chia quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề còn lại chia quá khứ hoàn thành

Before I went home, I had finished all my work.

(Trước khi tôi về nhà, tôi đã hoàn thành mọi công việc.)

by the time (vào lúc)

Mệnh đề có "by the time" chia quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề còn lại chia quá khứ hoàn thành Ví dụ:

By the time you arrived at the station, the train had left. (Vào lúc mà bạn đến nhà ga, con tàu đã đi.)

after (sau khi)

Mệnh đề có “after” chia quá khứ hoàn thành, mệnh đề còn lại chia quá khứ đơn

Ví dụ:

What did you do after you had graduated from university?

(Bạn đã làm gì sau khi tốt nghiệp đại học?)

by + trạng từ của quá khứ

Ví dụ:

By the end of last month, we had worked here for 20 years.

(Chúng tôi đã làm việc ở đây được 20 năm tính đến cuối của tháng trước.)

Bài tập áp dụng

Bài tập

Exercise 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

1. Yesterday they went home after they (finish) their work.
2. When we came to the stadium, the match (already start)
3. Many people (move) to the new place before the storm occurred.
4. I sat down and rested after they (go)
5. Before he died, he (be) ill for several days.
6. Last night before he watched TV, he (do) the exercise.
7. She went to the department after she (clean) the floor.
8. When I got to the party, they (go) home.
9. By the time the police arrived, the house (be) burned down.
10. By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) built.

Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ hoàn thành.

1. They (go) home after they (finish) their study.
2. Yesterday when I (arrive) to the party, they (already go) home.
3. After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch)

off the light.

4. On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before.
5. Before he (go) to bed, he (do) his homework.
6. When they (get to the place, the man (die)
7. He (do) nothing before he (see) me.

9. I (be) sorry that I [hurt] him.
10. After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest)

Đáp án

Exercie 1:

1. Yesterday they went home after they (finish) their work.

®Đáp án: had finished

2. When we came to the stadium, the match (already start)

®Đáp án: had already started

3. Many people (move) to the new place before the storm occurred.

®Đáp án: had moved

4. I sat down and rested after they (go)

®Đáp án: had gone

5. Before he died, he (be) ill for several days.

®Đáp án: had been

6. Last night before he watched TV, he (do) the exercise.

®Đáp án: had done

7. She went to the department after she (clean) the floor.

®Đáp án: had cleaned

8. When I got to the party, they (go) home.

®Đáp án: had gone

9. By the time the police arrived, the house (be) burned down.

®Đáp án: had been

10. By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) built.

®Đáp án: had been

Exercise 2:

1. They (go) home after they (finish) their study.

®Đáp án: went; had finished

2. Yesterday when I (arrive) to the party, they (already go) home.

®Đáp án: arrived; had already gone

3. After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch)

off the light.

®Đáp án: had left; went; switched

4. On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before.

®Đáp án: found; had just left

5. Before he (go) to bed, he (do) his homework.

®Đáp án: went; had done

6. When they (get) to the place, the man (die)

7. He (do) nothing before he (see) me.

®Đáp án: had done; saw

8. He (thank) me for what I (do) for him.

®Đáp án: thanked; had done

9. I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him.

®Đáp án: was; had hurt

10. After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest)

®Đáp án: had gone; sat; rested