Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the most impressive Seven Wonders of the World. Located in modem day Cambodia near Lake Tonle Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia, Angkor was the seat of power for the Khmer Empire for the ninth to the fifteenth century. The ruins of Angkor are documented as some of the most impressive ones in the world, rivaling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Why this mighty civilization died out is a question that archeologists are now only beginning to ponder. The answer, it turns out, may be linked with the availability of fresh water.
One possible explanation for the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to do with the inhabitant’s irrigation system. The temples and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River. Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding paddies and farmland during the course of the year. Farmers were completely dependent on the water for their crucial rice crop. Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional crop production.
Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic system of the reservoirs and canals broke down. The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of physical labor. In addition, as the capital of Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred thousand people who resided in and around Angkor. In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were driven to grow food more quickly and more efficiently. After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and loss of water led to decrease in the food supply. With the less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia, thus leaving the marvelous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle. Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructure.
Notes:
- to ponder (on/ upon/ over) = suy nghĩ về, cân nhắc về.
- reservoir (danh từ) = hồ chứa nước.
- hydraulic (tính từ) = thuộc về nước.
- nutrient depletion = sự cạn kiệt chất dinh dưỡng.
0Câu 1
What is the passage mainly about?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 2
The passage preceding most likely discusses_____
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 3
According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia_________
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 4
The word “seat” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________
A. location
B.summit
C. chief
D. battle
Câu 5
The hydraulic system of reservoirs ____
A. supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean
B.
C.
D.
Câu 6
The word “artificial” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___
A. man-made
B.insincere
C. numerous
D. natural
Câu 7
The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ____
A. reservoirs and canals
B.rice paddles
C. farmland
D. temples and palaces
Câu 8
It can be inferred from the passage that the Khmer Empire _____
A.
B.
C.
D.
Câu 9
All of the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEFT__
A. erosion of soil
B.loss of water supply
C. contamination of soil
D. reduction of nutrients
Câu 10
The word “decrepit” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to______.
A. beneficial
B.disorganized
C. deteriorated
D. incomplete
Đoạn 1. Giới thiệu lí do cho sự phá hủy của đền Angkor
Đoạn 2, 3. Nguyên nhân dẫn đến sự sụp đổ, bị phá hủy của kì quan này.
=> Một nguyên nhân (hệ thống thoát nước của cư dân) có thể gây ra sự suy yếu của một nên văn minh (đền Angkor)
Đáp án Câu 2 : B
Câu đầu tiên của bài như là một lời dẫn dắt: “The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the most impressive Seven Wonders of the World.” (Các ngôi đền đổ nát của Angkor có lẽ là một trong bảy kỳ quan ấn tượng nhất của thế giới.)
=> Bài văn trước đó có thể thảo luận, bàn về 6 kì quan thế giới khác, trong khi bài văn này đề cập đến 1 trong 7 kì quan thế giới (đền Angkor).
Đáp án Câu 3 : A
Dẫn chứng ở đoạn 1, “Located in modern day Cambodia near Lake Tonle Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia …” (Nằm trong Campuchia hiện đại ngày nay gần Hồ Tonle Sap, hồ nước ngọt lớn nhất châu Á)
Đáp án Câu 4 : A
“seat” (n) chỗ ngồi, chỗ, nơi = location (n) chỗ, nơi chốn
Summit (n) đỉnh, chóp
Chief (n) người lãnh đạo
Đáp án Câu 5 : B
Dẫn chứng ở đoạn 2, “Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic system of the reservoirs and canals broke down. [....] After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity.”
(Các nhà khoa học suy đoán rằng vào cuối Đế quốc Khmer, hệ thống thủy lực của các hồ chứa và kênh rạch bị phá vỡ [....] Sau nhiều thế kỷ sử dụng liên tục, hệ thống tưới đã vượt quá khả năng của nó. )
Đáp án Câu 6 : A
“artificial” (a) nhân tạo = man-made (a) do con người tạo ra
Numerous (a) nhiều
Natural (a) tự nhiên
Insincere (a) khinh bỉ
Đáp án Câu 7 : A
Dẫn chứng ở đoạn 2, “The temples and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River. Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding paddies and farmland during the course of the year.”
(Các ngôi đền và cung điện của Angkor được xây dựng xung quanh một loạt các hồ chứa và kênh đào nhân tạo bị ngập lụt hàng năm cho lưu lượng của sông Mekong. Sau khi lấp đầy, chúng được sử dụng để tưới cho các cánh đồng và đất canh tác xung quanh trong suốt năm.)
Đáp án Câu 8 : D
Dẫn chứng ở đoạn 2, “Farmers were completely dependent on the water for their crucial rice crop.” (Nông dân hoàn toàn phụ thuộc vào nguồn nước cho vụ lúa quan trọng của họ.) => Lúa gạo là nguồn lương thực chính, quan trọng của họ.
Đáp án Câu 9 : C
Dẫn chứng ở đoạn cuối, " Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and loss of water led to decrease in the food supply." (Xói mòn đất, suy giảm chất dinh dưỡng và mất nước dẫn đến giảm nguồn cung cấp thực phẩm.) => Chỉ có đáp án B không được đề cập đến.
Đáp án Câu 10 : C
“decrepit” (a) già yếu, khom khem, hư, đổ nát = deteriorate (v) bị phá hủy, làm hư hỏng
Incomplete (a) chưa hoàn thiện
Beneficial (a) có lợi
Disorganized (a) không có tổ chức, sắp xếp
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