Read the following passage and mark the letter A B C or D on

IX:Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect

Câu 1: What does the passage mainly discuss?
 
  

A. The role of leaders in social groups    

B. How social groups determine who will lead them      

C. How leadership differs in small and large groups 

D. The problems faced by leaders     

Câu 2: The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT
 

A. recruitment 

B.  traditional cultural patterns 

C. formal election process 

D. specific leadership training

Câu 3: In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that……..

A.  “natural leaders’ are easily accepted by the members of a social group  

B. “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics   

C.  few people qualify as “natural leaders”

D. there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist

Câu 4: Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
 

A. A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.

B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person. 

C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.

D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications. 

Câu 5: The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on __________ .
 

A. achieving a goal                 

B. identifying new leaders    

C. sharing responsibility with group members  

D. ensuring harmonious relationships           

Câu 6: The word “collective” in line 14 is closest in meaning to __________ .
 

A. necessary   

B. particular 

C. typical  

D. group 

Câu 7: It can be understood that __________ .

A. Leaders are sometimes chosen formally or informally. 

B.  There is lots of tension and conflict in an election of a leader in the family. 

C. There is usually an election to choose leaders in a family as well as in larger groups.

D. It has been said that there must be a set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common.

Câu 8: A “secondary relationship” mentioned in line 18 between a leader and the members of a group could best be characterized as……
 
 

A.  distant

B. enthusiastic

C. unreliable 

D. personal  

Câu 9: The word “resolve” in line 22 is closest in meaning to _________ .

A. find a solution for    

B. avoid thinking about      

C. talk about   

D. avoid repeating        

Câu 10: Paragraphs 3 and 4 organize the discussion of leadership primarily in term of _________.

A. examples that illustrate a problem      

B. comparison and contrast                                        

C. cause and effect analysis         

D. narration of events   

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