Human memory formerly believed to be rather ineffi

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .Human memory, formerly believed to be rather inefficient, is really much more sophisticated than that of  a computer. Researchers approaching the problem from a variety of points of view have all concluded that there is a great  deal  more  stored  in  our  minds  than  has  been  generally  supposed.  Dr.  Wilder  Penfield,  a  Canadian neurosurgeon, proved that by stimulating their brain electrically, he could elicit the total recall of complex events in his objects’ lives. Even dreams and other minor events supposedly forgotten for many years suddenly emerged in detail.The memory trace is the term for whatever forms the international representation of the specific information about the event stored in the memory. Assumed to have been made by structural changes in the brain, the memory trace is not subject to direct observation but is rather a theoretical construct that is used to speculate about how information presented at a particular time can cause performance at a later time. Most theories include the strength of the memory trace as a variable in the degrees of learning, retention, and retrieval possiblefor a memory. One theory is that the fantastic capacity for storage in the brain is the result of an almost unlimited combination of interconnections between brain cells, stimulated by patterns of activity. Repeated references to the same information support recall. Or, to say that another way, improved performance is the result of strengthening the chemical bonds in the memory.

Câu 1: With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

A. Neurosurgery

B. Human memory

C. Dr. Wilder Penfield 

D.  Chemical reactions

Câu 2: The word “formerly” in the paragraph 1 could be best replaced by “____”.

A. from time to time  

B. in general   

C. in the past        

D. by chance

Câu 3: The word “that” in the paragraph 1 refers to __________

A.  the commuter   

B. the efficiently 

C.  the memory  

D. the sophistication

Câu 4: Compared with a computer, human memory is _________

A. more limited    

B.  less dependable 

C. more complex  

D. less durable

Câu 5: According to the passage, researchers have concluded that _____.

A. human memory is inefficient

B. the mind has much greater capacity for memory than was previously believed

C.  different points of view are valuable

D.  the physical basis for memory is clear 

Câu 6: The word “elicit” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “____”.

A.  draw   

B.  prove 

C. prevent  

D. reject

Câu 7: How did Penfield stimulate dreams and other minor events from the past?

A. by surgery

B.  by repetition  

C. by chemical stimulation

D. by electrical stimulation

Câu 8: The word “bonds” in the last sentence of the passage means “______”.

A. responsibilities  

B. agreements

C. promises 

D. connections

Câu 9: According to the passage, the capacity for the storage in the brain ___.

A. has a limited combination of relationships

B. is not influenced by repetition

C.  can be understood by examining the physiology of the brain 

D. is stimulated by patterns of activity 

Câu 10: All of the following are true of a memory trace EXCEPT that ____.

A.  it is probably made by structural changes in the brain

B. it is related to the degree of recall supported by repetition

C. it is able to be observed directly by investigators

D. it is theoretical construct that we use to form hypotheses 

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